Behavioural Change Report

1.) The rationale for focusing the behaviour change intervention with a specific population .

Behavioural change is common in individuals who are experiencing some kind of physical or mental problems. Changes in behaviours can be categorized as delusions, confusions, mood swings, depression, disorganised communication and hallucinations. Such categories are not particularly disorders. They are just a way where a health professional create several types of speech, thoughts and behaviour. Such changes in personalities and behaviour can be occur through mental or physical problems. For instance, individuals who are suffering from dementia often experiences such sort of behavioural changes. However, the most developed behavioural changes in individuals suffering from dementia is aggressive behaviour. Dementia is basically a medical condition of mental processes which is caused by brain injury or disease. It is often symbolizes as memory loss, personality changes and impaired reasoning (Verelst and et.al., 2016). Aggressive behaviour of individuals include screaming or shouting, verbal abuse and sometimes even physical abuse. It can occur suddenly with no suitable reasons and could be a result of frustrating situation. It is difficult to cope with with the person having aggressive behaviour. Interventions are need to be developed by the carer in order to deal with the patients of dementia having aggressive behaviour. Some of the effective strategies that could be implemented are discussed here.

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Analyse the cause

It is important for a care worker to analyse what happened just before the reaction that has trigger the behaviour of patient.

Check the environment

In many cases, some unseen physical discomforts may be a cause for the aggressive behaviour of patients suffering from dementia (Larsen and et.al., 2016). Some of the environmental checks that a nurse needs to consider are too much noise from the surroundings or number of individuals in the room. It is the responsibility of a nurse to find out such disturbing elements in the room and remove that irritant from the area to analyse if it helps.

Communicate clearly

it is the responsibility of a nurse or a care professional to communicate with the patient in a clear and a calm manner. It has been analysed that communication in a direct and simple way helps an individual to regulate the mood. It would be helpful to breakdown the tasks of patients into some simpler steps so that they would not feel any frustration or discomfort.

Develop a strategy to mange the behaviour

It is important for a carer to develop some effective strategies for anger management of the patient suffering from dementia. It is necessary to make some changes in the care pattern of the individual and identify if it works or not. A nurse should seek or some changes such as change in the manner to talk with the person and make some modifications in the existing environment. It is the duty of a healthcare professional to focus on what is the best interest of the patient and what suites them well. It is important to ask with the general practitioner if the patient is having any physical illness which might be a cause for their behavioural changes. As pain is the major key for aggressive behaviour for people living with dementia. It is often remain unrecognised in the formal care setting such as care homes. It is important to look for the symptoms from the individual of discomfort or pain like, facial expressions, clenching their teeth, weird body language, a change in appetite, restless or high temperature.

Social interaction or stimulation

It is a need for most of the individuals to spend some time with other persons. A lack of social interaction could make a person feel bored, unhappy and isolated. IT is the responsibility of a nurse to make sure that the patient of dementia is regularly indulge in some social interaction activity (Warren, Becken and Coghlan, 2017). It may be just chatting or reading together. It is essential for a healthcare professional to to give a proper time for this and give full attention to patient. A care professional must develop or plan some new activities where both of them could enjoy and perform some daily tasks where a patient can take part. This particular intervention would be most helpful for a patient as he/she will get distracted form other disturbing elements which is a result of their aggressive behaviour.

Reminiscence

It is refereed to as life stories activities that involve talking about past experiences like sharing pictures of patients family or some events form the past. It must be positive and relevant such as a family event, places they have been through and their favourite football match. Such kinds of activities are proved to be beneficial for the dementia patients and help to eliminate the risks of aggressive behaviour (Gronau, 2017). Nurses could also develop a life story book of them. It would help a dementia patient at the centre of the care and help to regulate their behaviour. Worried to get Assignment Writing Service UK ? Talk to our Experts.

2.) A critical review of theoretical perspectives that have been applied to supporting behaviour change in selected population.

Social cognitive theory

The social cognitive theory is a learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura in the year 1960. It offers a framework regarding how individuals are shaped by their surrounding environment. Specifically, the theory explains the processes of observational modelling and learning along with the impact of self-efficacy on development of behaviour. It discuss about individuals personal experiences and actions of other individuals (Olins, 2017). Theory also focus on impact of environmental factors on health behaviours of individuals. Some of the key components related with the theory are discussed as follows:

• Self-efficacy: It is basically a belief that individual has a control over his/her behaviour and is capable of execute a behaviour.
• Behavioural capability: It is an understanding of an individual to understand the behaviour and having a particular skill to perform a behaviour.
• Expectations: It explains and determine the outcomes of change in behaviour of an individual.
• Self-control: It describes monitoring and regulating an individual behaviour.
• Reinforcements: It explains about promoting rewards and incentives which motivates a change in behaviour.

Thus, social cognitive theory can be implemented as a theoretical model in setting of dementia care (Nauta, 2016). It would be helpful for the care professionals to provide assistance to develop some effective behavioural change interventions in order to regulate aggressive behaviour of patients.

Theory of Planned Behaviour

This particular theory states that behaviour is dependent on an individual intension to perform the behaviour. Intension can be refer to as attitude of an individual and subjective norms such as basic social pressure. According to this theory, behaviour can be also determined by perceived behavioural control of an individual. It basically links individual beliefs and behaviour. The main reason behind development of this theory is to explain all behaviour above which an individual has an ability of self control. It states that achievement of behaviours rely in both ability and encouragement or intension. It is basically comprised of some major components which represents an individual control over his/her behaviour.

• Attitudes: It can be refer to a degree through which an individual has unfavourable of favourable measure of behaviour of interest.
• Behavioural intension: It basically refers to motivational factors which impacts on given behaviour in which intension and performing a behaviour is directly proportional to each other (Hafner, Elmes and Read, 2019).
• Social norms: It refer to a code of behaviour in a group or a wider cultural context.
• Perceived power: It refers to perceived appearance of factors that facilitate performance of a behaviour of individual.

As per the theory of planned behaviour, a nurse could be able to identify the reason and cause of the anger producing by the patient. It would be helpful for a care professional to develop some strategies regarding anger management control by analysing the components of respective theory.

The Trans-theoretical Model

This particular framework determine change as a process of six major stages. The model uses such stages in order to integrate the most important processes and principles of change by means of behavioural change and leading theories of counselling. Stages of transtheoritical model is discussed as follows:

• Pre-contemplation: In this specific stage, individuals are not willing to make certain changes in their near future. Being under informed or uninformed regarding the consequences of an individual behaviour can result an individual to be in this particular stage (Casals and et.al., 2016). Such individual are often refers to as unmotivated, resistant and unready for help.
• Contemplation: It is the stage where individuals seeks a change within next six months. They have a knowledge of advantage of changing and also have an idea of its disadvantages. Individuals in this particular stage are not ready to met with an intervention program in order to act on an instant manner.
• Preparation: In this stage individuals are ready to take certain actions in immediate future and under occurrence of next month. According to this stage, individuals are already taken some particular actions in previous years. Such individuals have some certain plan of actions regarding their behaviour such as consulting a counsellor, talking with a physician or sometimes depend on self change method. Such individuals are prepared for intervention programs.
• Action: This is the stage for the individuals who already have gone through some modifications in their lifestyles over last six months (Caven and et.al., 2019). As this process can be observed thus, change can be equated through an action.
• Maintenance: It is a period where individuals often prepare themselves to prevent any sort of relapse. However, in this stage they does not implement process of change as fast as they do in action.

As per this theory, it is important for a care professional to match the intervention of behavioural change to individual stages (Murphy and et.al., 2016). Thus, it is important for nurses to develop a plan of actions without that individuals often get stuck in early stages because of lack of encouragement.

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3.) Potential barriers at the neurophysiological, individual, interpersonal, organisation levels and how to overcome from these barrier

It is important for a care professional to analyse various potential barriers that are proved as a hurdle to manage behaviour of individuals suffering from dementia. Some of the potential barriers are discussed here.

Neurophysiological barrier

During intervention for managing aggressive behaviour of individuals suffering from dementia, there are number of neurophysiological barriers that are proved to be a hurdle for a care professional to develop some effective strategies. Such barriers include chemical imbalance in brain, slow information processing some kind of brain injury, nerve injury and many more that could effect individual behaviour in a negative manner.

Individual barriers

Most of the patients or their own family members often refuse to access to any kind of intervention or treatment which is a major individual barrier in treatment of aggressive behaviour of individuals. Other individual factor is social sigma which is a kind of fear that other individuals will judge in a negative way or may pass some comments. Fear of emotion is also a major barrier to seek for help to stimulate aggressive behaviour. Individuals surrounding personal environment is also a barrier.

Interpersonal barriers

Nurses or care professionals who look after the patient's behavioural changes often have lack of knowledge regarding the issue and have no knowledge about the skills which is a major interpersonal barrier to treat a patient (Diaz and Sih, 2017). Some of the nurses are not able to give too much of attention or time to their patients which is also a barrier in t treatment.

Organisational barriers

Some of the barriers related with organisation is poor services of healthcare professionals, negative culture and environment of organisation,lack of team work and information flow with in the levels of organisation are some of the potential barriers in the treatment of dementia patient to manage their anger.

Strategies to eliminate barriers

There are number of strategies which could be developed by a care professional to reduce such kinds of barriers in their treatment. In order to reduce Neurophysiological barriers, nurses can develop some activities which are related to mind so that individual can improve his/her information process and concentration power which would be beneficial to control anger. Nurses can also use some effective tools and equipments in order to reduce the effects of neurophysiological barriers(Mukherjee and Mukherjee, 2018). For reducing individual barriers, nurses can motivate them and help them to control instant mood swings. Care professional must show some signs of support in an emotional manner to reduce individual barriers. Care practitioners must form a positive relationship with patients so that they could be able to open about their issues.

Interpersonal barriers can be reduce by giving some training and education to nurses and care practitioners regarding how to deal with aggressive behaviour pattern of patients. Nurses are need to learn about change behaviour of human mind so that they could easily identify the causes and reasons of person being aggressive. Operational barriers can be reduce by introducing experts and well educated nurses and care professionals in care home who knows how to deal with such situations and weird behavioural patterns of patients. Other strategy is to bring technology in the organisation so that treatment can be done in more effective manner.

CONCLUSION

From the above study, it can be concluded that change in behaviour of individuals can have a major impact on their lifestyle and could result in occurrence of number of diseases. Behavioural change is any modification or transformation of human behaviour. Number of theories can be implemented to manage behavioural change patterns of individuals such as Social cognitive theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour and The Trans-theoretical Model. However, there could be certain potential barriers related to individual, interpersonal, organisation levels such as lack of technology, lack of skills and knowledge in acre professionals and many more.

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