BMA6032-40 The Impact of Electric Cars on Sales of Diesel or Petrol Vehicles in UK

Rationale of Research

The rationale behind conducting this investigation is to examine impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London. The electric car is useful because there is no need to pay the diesel or petrol to keep car running. No emission and no fuel is main point that attracts several people to the electric cars. The present investigation is conducted in personal and professional context. In the personal context, understanding of the learner regarding the electric cars and the benefits related with it can be enhanced (Chodakowska, 2018). Learner can able to know about the impact of the electric cars in London. Other than this, in professional context the skills and core competencies of learner can be enhanced. This will also enhance the research and analytical skills of learner so that there will not be any complexity faced regarding the research and getting positive research outcomes.

Research Aim

The aim of this research is “To examine impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London.”

Research Objectives

• To examine concept of electric cars.
• To identify the benefits of electric cars to environment.
• To examine the impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London.
• To determine the changes arising from manufacturing electric cars in London.

Research Questions

• What is the concept of electric cars?
• What are the benefits electric cars to environment?
• What is impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London?
• What kind of changes arising from manufacturing electric cars in London?

Chapter structure

The dissertation is long piece of academic writing on the basis of original research. structure of dissertation is based on area that is divided into different chapters. Structure of dissertation is based on the area that is divided in different chapters. Various chapters included in dissertation structure mention below:

Introduction- It is the first and primary chapter in research. It set up the topic, purpose and also relevance of dissertation. The introduction chapter consists background of research, research aim, objectives, questions and rationale of an investigation (Contestabile, Tal and Turrentine, 2020).

Literature review- It is second chapter and mainly conducted to gain understanding of academic work that exist already on topic. It consists secondary sources used for collect information such as books, journals, scholars and internet sources.

Methodology- This chapter explains how research conducted and allowing to assess validity. It considers various levels of the research onion, such as research philosophy, research methods, research choices, data collection, sampling, and data interpretation (D’Adamo and Rosa, 2019).

Results- This chapter presents facts that research searched. It is mainly considered the tables and graphs to illustrate the outcomes.

Discussion – It is related to explore meaning and implications of research in context to research questions. It is based on the literature review in which information collected by considering secondary sources.

Conclusion- It should answer research question, leaving with clear understanding of central argument. In this chapter, this is necessary to show how findings are contributing to the knowledge in area (Dasseiv, 2021).

LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review is an examination of academic texts on a certain subject. Writing a literature review entails looking for and objectively analysing related articles. It should support theoretical arguments that is being made and demonstrate that author has grasp of main findings related to topic. In this section, information has been collected on impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London. Regarding this subject area, there has been secondary data collection method used. Other than this, literature review gives critical assessment of sources that collected regarding the particular area (Enyedi, 2018).

Concept of electric cars

As per the opinion of Hall (2021) An electric car is a type of alternative fuel vehicle that primarily relies on electric motors for the propulsion rather than traditional methods. Electricity can be used to power hybrid electric cars as a transportation source. They have potential of minimizing pollution of the city through having zero tail pipe emission. In addition to this, vehicle greenhouse has savings are based on how electricity is to be generated. On-board battery packs provide electricity to electric vehicles. They have higher acceleration and a reasonable peak speed, but their batteries have a lower energy density than fossil fuels. It ensures that electric cars have a limited range between charges and that recharging will take a long time. Electric vehicles are a more practical mode of transportation because they can be recharged quickly and cheaply. These are supposed to bring about a revolution in the car industry, with reduced city emissions, less reliance on international oil imports, and higher fuel prices. Other than this, electric car infrastructure is not to be capable of finishing long trip in similar amount of the time as comparison to gasoline care because to frequent and also long recharge time. London is forefront of zero emission revolution with more than 20000 electric vehicles and around 1700 electric taxis. In London, there are almost 90% of car trips are less than the 10 km. It is making the electric vehicle a better choice for emission free ship tip in London (Gómez Vilchez, 2019). There is not any excise duty on the vehicles to pay on electric vehicle and the grants are available from the central government in order to encourage people to buy one. The electric vehicle charge point network of London is global leader. In beginning of year 2020, there were around 5000 charge point. In regards to this, rapid charge points are necessary to support the Londoners as well as businesses in order to make switch from diesel to the electric. They permit the high mileage users for an instance freight, taxi drivers and the fleet operators to charge electric cars quickly. Rapid charge point delivery programme is being led through Transport for the London with support from London boroughs. It will provide 300 rapid charge points through end of year 2020. In context to the new network being installed through private sector. On the other hand, Mayor is working with the London Council to assists the London boroughs install the slower standard points on the residential streets consisting the retrofitting lamp columns.

Benefits of electric cars to environment

On the basis of your opinion Moses (2020) Electric cars are appealing in the world where minimizing pollution as well as carbon emission is developing concern for several people. They minimize emission which contribute to the climate change, improving public health and minimizing ecological climate. Electric vehicles are completely environmentally friendly since they operate on an electrically driven engine. Since it mostly relies on renewable fuels, it does not release smoke or poisonous gases into the atmosphere. They are superior to electric vehicles, which are powered by gas and emit pollution. Electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines when it comes to accounting for complicated power distribution plans. Electric cars are more effective to contributing to green and healthy climate. Producing batteries for the electric vehicles needed additional energy and capital, resulting in a larger environmental footprint from the point of purchase (Hancké and Mathei, 2020). The Electric cars generate various impact on the maintenance as well as operations. They are heavier and can emit brake, road dust, and tire particulates, but regenerative braking can reduce brake particulate emissions. Aside from that, when compared to diesel or petrol engines, they emit the least amount of greenhouse gases and air pollution during their lifetime. The biggest advantage of electric vehicles is the commitment they can provide to improving air quality in cities and towns. It minimizes the air pollution and provide clean streets for cyclists and pedestrians. According to reports, one electric vehicle on the road will save 1.5 million grams of CO2. Electric cars can help reduce noise pollution, particularly in cities with low speeds. Other than this, fueling with the electricity provides some benefits not available in the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Due to electric vehicles are react quickly, electric cars are responsive and have better torque. Electric vehicle is more digital connected than the conventional vehicle with several electric car charging stations giving option to control the charging from smartphone app. Electric vehicles can reduce pollution that cause smog and climate change, reducing environmental degradation and improving public health. Other than this, transportation represents big source of the pollution. To overcome from this issue, vehicles on roads should be clean. In regards to this, vehicle emission harm not only planet but health of people. Air pollutants which come from the gasoline can cause many health related issues such as respiratory ailments and cancers. As comparison to this, Electric vehicles emit no pollutants into the atmosphere. Car manufacturers are focusing their efforts on environmentally friendly components and automotive manufacturing. Other than this, electric vehicle will develop the less emission than comparable gasoline powered car. When it comes to generating near-zero well-to-wheel emissions, not all energy supplies are created equal. If primary motive of a person is to buying an electric car is to be green, it should be considering to powering car with renewable energy source that can generate at home (Holmberg and Erdemir, 2019).

Impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London

As per perspective of MacLellan (2021) Sales of petrol and diesel minimize with sales of the conventional combustion engine vehicles and also fuel retailers are mainly pushed to begin envisioning new flow of income. Fuel retailers see enhancement in the electric vehicles use having more impact on business in future. In next 3-5 years, there is more influence on how business developed and followed through changes in consumer behaviour. Fuel retailers must be determined to move into a new age in order to succeed in a changing market ecosystem. In this regard, forced budget cuts imposed on energy companies as sales decline could tighten supplies, causing a surge in oil prices and making electric cars more appealing. The electric vehicle is mainly expected to be 30% of new sales of car throughout 2040. In context to electric car, fuel efficiency standards as well ride sharing are main trends which will minimize consumption of oil in years. Demand for the oil will develop slower. London ban the diesel and petrol car sales throughout 2030 in the zero emission bid (Hubka, 2019). The vehicles which can complete a part of journey with zero emission for an instance plug in cars or hybrid still allowed to sold until 2036 as part of ambitious policy. It has been announced about stop selling the new petrol and diesel cars from 2030 in London. The electric cars help in minimize the pollution. Diesel cars responsible for the vast bulk of NOx emissions on the roadside. As a result, eliminating diesel and gasoline cars from the highways should aid in improving air quality. For decades, air quality has become a significant source of concern. When the government lost court challenges over attempts to reduce nitrogen-dioxide levels, the issue took on new significance.

Changes arising from manufacturing electric cars in London

According to viewpoint of Brennan (2021), Moving from the internal combustion to the electric power does more than minimize the tailpipe emissions. Electric vehicles are safer for the environment over the course of a person's life. Vehicles would emit more greenhouse gases during the production process than a typical fuel vehicle because the batteries in electric cars need more materials and energy to build. Electric cars produce the less emission that mainly contribute to the climate change as well as smog than the conventional vehicles. From manufacturing the electric cars in London, there are some positive and negative changes are arising (Illgen and Höck, 2018).

Positive changes arising from manufacturing the electric cars

Cheaper to maintain- Price of electric cars may be similar to diesel and petrol cars, cost of running is cheaper specifically over full lifetime of vehicle. From special government grant and tax incentives to increased fuel efficiency, minimum electricity cost and maintenance needs, an individual could spend less on electric vehicles that current car. In regards to this, electric cars are designed to be efficient and there are mainly different components which empower vehicles such as motor, on- board charger and inverter (Sovacool, Kester and Heida, 2019).

Better for environment- By choosing to drive an electric vehicle, you can help to reduce toxic air pollution caused by exhaust emissions. It has zero exhaust emissions but develops degree related to the greenhouse gas emission when this is charges from electricity grid.

Safe to drive- Electric cars are subjected to the same fitness and inspection practices as gasoline-powered vehicles. Electric vehicles are easy to drive as they have a low centre of gravity, which keeps them upright on the ground in the event of a collision (Jones, 2019).

Cost effective- Using an electric vehicle would be prohibitively expensive. With the advent in technology, both repair and expense have decreased. The cost of batteries was pushed down by mass manufacturing and tax incentives make it effective.

Negative changes arising from manufacturing the electric cars

Charging time- Electric vehicles take longer to charge, and this is due to battery power and charger rpm. A standard wall charger takes about 8 hours, whereas a supercharger takes just an hour. Several chargers will fail and it will take almost two hours to charge a fully discharged battery (Vaughan, 2021).

Difficult to search charging station- Many electric vehicle charging stations can be found in various parking lots along the side of the road in some places. In electric vehicles, road trips can be difficult. An individual cannot take their home charging station on the road with them. In this respect, more charging stations are primarily coming up across the world, and there are many people driving electric vehicles in London, so there might not be any drawbacks for lo.

Service for the electric vehicles- Exact servicing cost are unknown for these types of the vehicles. Several service centres are known for the duping and consumers are facing the false issues on cars. Electric cars will lead to causing issues in this area (Mazur and et. al., 2019).

Infrastructure for the electric cars- Most talked about point concerned to Electric car is infrastructure given through country for them to be more convenient. It mainly leads us to charging points which are necessary for electric cars. The electric cars cannot use on the highways practically as there is not any charging points across highways (Wappelhorst and et. al., 2020).

METHODOLOGY

The technique with which an investigator sets out a problem-solving solution is known as research methodology. It allows reader to evaluate critically validity and reliability of study. Research onion was developed through Saunders et. al. (2007). It mainly illustrated stages that should be covered when developing research strategy. When viewed from outside, every layer of opinion explains detailed stages regarding research process. The research onion is an important progression for designing research methods. The versatility of study onion makes it useful for any kind of research methodology (Kapustin and Grushevenko, 2020). Various layers included in research onion mention below:

Research Philosophy

It is described as a set of beliefs about the existence of truth that are being examined. It is underlying explanation of nature of the knowledge. Positivism and interpretivism are two different types of research philosophies. The positivism research philosophy takes view that knowledge is exist outside of what is being studied. It is based on the quantitative research method and provides the authentic information and facts. On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy emphasize influence that cultural and social factors can have on person (Leung, Burke and Perl, 2020).

Justification: The interpretivism research philosophy was included in the current investigation since it gives the best interpretation about impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol cars in London. It consists the new theories regarding the specific subject area and getting positive research outcomes.

Research Approach

This is the second layer of the research onion, and it shows different methods that an investigator might use when performing some kind of inquiry. There are two kinds of analysis methods: inductive and deductive. Deductive research approach tends to be flow from generic to particular. Other than this, inductive approach is helpful when there is less availability of research on topic (Logan, Nelson and Hastings, 2020).

Justification: The present research is mainly consisting inductive research approach as this approach helps an investigator to move in opposite direction from the research question to the observation.

Research Strategy

It is how an investigator intends to carried out research work. Strategy can consist number of various approaches for an instance experimental research, action research, survey, interviews, case study and others.

Justification: There has been survey research strategy used. This research strategy is designed to gathering the more data that opt for the statistical analysis. The main reason behind using this research strategy is that it is more effective in data collection and time saving process. Through using the survey research strategy, an investigator can able to collect the information from large number of sample size (Maamria and et. al., 2019).

Research Choices

The research choice is next layer in research onion. The research choices consist qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The quantitative research consists collection of the numerical data and for interpretation statistical analysis used. Other than this, qualitative research choice is mainly examining data in detailed manner. It gives theoretical explanation about specific field (Meckling and Nahm,2018).

Justification: The current investigation was carried out using a quantitative analysis approach. The key explanation for choosing this study option is that it offers information on a single subject area. Quantitative research mainly uses deductive approach through application of theory from research stage.

Data collection

It is necessary for an investigator to collect the reliable and valid information regarding impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol cars in London. The primary method of data collection is process about collecting data by using surveys, experiments, interviews and other methods. On the other hand, secondary method of data collection consists different sources such as books, articles, journals, internet sources, scholars and others (Milev, Hastings and Al-Habaibeh, 2020).

Justification: The primary method of data collection was used in the current study since it offers fresh and new knowledge about the effect of electric vehicles on diesel and petrol car sales in London. In order to consider the various questions, a questionnaire was created for a particular topic. It is both cost effective and simple to gather data from a wide number.of respondents.

Sampling

It is a statistical research technique in which a predetermined number of observations are taken from a large population. Methodology is used to select a representative from a large population depending on the type of research being conducted. Process of choosing sample study out of whole population is needed condition under research type. Probabilistic and non- probabilistic are two different methods of sampling. Probabilistic sampling means that each member of population has chance of being chosen. The non- probability sampling method is related to not to provide the equal chance to participants (Morganti and Browne, 2018).

Justification: There has been random sampling used as it is main method of probabilistic sampling. The main reason behind selecting the random sampling method is that it provides equal chance to the selected participants. Through using this method, there has been 40 sample size chosen. The chosen participants are customers who have the electric car or those who planning to buy the electric car.

Data analysis

Data analysis is characterized as the method of explaining and examining data using reasonable and statistical techniques. Accurate interpretation of research results is a necessary part of ensuring data accuracy. Thematic analysis is a form of data analysis that has been used. Themes are created based on the questions asked in the questionnaire. There have been graphs developed and make the interpretations of collected information and data (Proff, Szybisty and Fojcik, 2019).

Validity and Reliability

Validity and reliability are the different concepts used to examine quality of an investigation. They mainly specify how well the research method and techniques measure something. The reliability is related to measure the consistency about the data that collect by using the authentic sources. Reliability issues are closely related with subjectivity and once an investigator adopts the subjective approach then reliability level of work is to be compromised. Validity is an extent to which concept is measured accurately in quantitative study. This is necessary to be consider reliability as well as validity of data collected tools (Secinaro and et. al., 2020).

Ethical considerations

Ethics is related to norms, values and the morals which require to be considered in conducting an investigation. In conducting the present investigation, this is essential a researcher to follow all the ethical principles or ethical considerations. In this investigation, primary method of data collection has been used. There are different principles of ethics such as confidentiality, informed agreement and anonymity. In context to the informed consent, respondents included in primary research has opportunity to understand research objectives. In confidentiality context, research outcomes will share with those which are the part of an investigation on particular basis (Shammut and et. al., 2019).

RESULTS

Frequency Table

THEME 1: Aware about the electric cars

Interpretation: This has been interpreted that there are 30 participants and as per their opinion that they are aware regarding electric cars. The electric car functions through plugging into charging point and also taking the electricity from grid. They mainly accurate faster than the fuel cars. It has been claimed that an electric car is an alternative fuel vehicle that is propelled by electric motors. Remaining 10 respondents do not have the detailed understanding about the electric cars.

THEME 2: Electric cars helps in reduce the emission and pollution

Interpretation: As per view point of the 28 respondents that electric cars is helpful for environment by minimizing the pollution and emission. The electric cars produce the less emission that mainly contribute towards climate change and the smog as comparison to the conventional vehicles. All the electric vehicles develop zero direct emission which is helpful in improving quality of air in the urban areas. There are 12 remaining respondents which are not agree with given statement. According to them, electric cars arise some issues for an instance reliance on the rare earth elements for an instance lanthanum, dysprosium and some of the other necessary metals.

THEME 3: There are benefits electric cars to environment within London

Interpretation: On the basis of the table, it has been concluded that electric vehicles have certain environmental benefits in London. According to 10 participants, electric vehicles can be powered by renewable energy such as water power, solar power, and wind power. Solar panels built in a home would convert electricity to electricfor those who want to keep green energy going. On the basis of the table, it has been concluded that electric vehicles have certain environmental benefits in London. According to 10 participants, electric vehicles can be powered by renewable energy such as water power, solar power, and wind power. Solar panels built in a home would convert electricity to electricfor those who want to keep green energy going.On the basis of opinion of 10 respondents that electric cars are helpful in reduce the car emission to reduce the impact on environment. There are 10 remaining respondents and as per their opinion that the main benefit of buying the electric car is that it is cost effective. These are can fuelled for minimum prices and several new cars will provide the more incentive to get the money back from government got going to green.

THEME 4: Impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles

Interpretation: From mention information, this has been interpretated that there are 5 respondents and they said that there is positive impact of the electric cars on petrol or diesel sales in London. According to some people, cost of purchasing of petrol or diesel vehicles is high. Other than this, there are 35 respondents which said that there is negative developed by the electric cars on petrol vehicle sales. From manufacturing of the electric cars, the sales of the petrol cars are minimized and this impacts on the profitability of the petrol and diesel car companies.

THEME 5: There are some changes arising from manufacturing electric cars

Interpretation: It has been examining from above mention graph that there are some changes arising from manufacturing the electric cars in London. According to opinion of 12 respondents that manufacturing the electric cars is better for environment. Gas powered vehicles are more contributors to the green house build up in atmosphere of earth. So, making switch to electric car can assists in contribution to cleaner the air and healthier planet. On the basis of viewpoint of 18 respondents that electric vehicles produce the global warming emissions. As per viewpoint of 10 respondents that electric vehicles are cost saving to people because it is cheaper to be maintain. Servicing of electric cars are easy, minimum frequency and cheaper than the petrol and diesel vehicle.

THEME 6: Electric vehicle safer than the petrol or diesel operated vehicles

Interpretation: As per the opinion of 32 respondents that electric vehicle safer than the petrol or diesel operated vehicles. The electric vehicles are safe with and far less than the gasoline vehicles as comparison to the petrol cars. On the other hand, there are 8 remaining respondents and as per their opinion that electric cars are not safer than the diesel and petrol cars. Lithium-ion batteries can catch fire and they have power cells that can short circuit if they are damaged. In contrast to fuel in traditional vehicles, they pose the least risk of fire fires.

THEME 7: Importance of Electric cars towards the economic development

Interpretation: There are 13 respondents and as per their opinion that significance of electric cars is to create jobs towards economic development. Few avenues of job creation in electric cars domain are design and testing, manufacturing, wiring and some of the other process. On the basis of 17 respondents that electric cars help in improving quality of the people life as it is cheaper and generate the less pollution. There are remaining 10 respondents and according to their opinion that electric cars helps in minimize the price utility.

THEME 8: There are some reason behind people choosing electric vehicles over petrol and diesel vehicle

Interpretation: As per the given graph, it has been examined that there is some main reason behind people choosing electric vehicles over petrol and diesel vehicles. On the basis of 12 respondents that reason behind selecting the electric vehicle is that people getting aware about their duties towards society. There are 10 respondents and they said that electric vehicles are enhancing the environmental awareness. There are 10 respondents and as per their opinion that choosing electric vehicles over petrol and diesel vehicles helps in enhancing the significance of sustainability. 8 remaining respondents are agreeing with enhance in the cost of crude oil.

THEME 9: It is wise choice to switch to electric modes of transportation

Interpretation: As per opinion of 25 respondents that it is a wise choice of people to switch to electric modes of transportation. According to them electric cars have the low maintenance cost and create less pollution. There are 15 respondents and they are not agreeing with the given statement.

THEME 10: Electric vehicle manufacturers are attracting and acquiring customers and motivating

Interpretation: As per viewpoint of 10 respondents that electric vehicle manufacturers are attracting and acquiring customers and motivating them to switch to electric vehicles is free life time fuel. 10 respondents are agreeing with comparatively more functions. On the basis of 10 respondents that enhanced the prices almost as crude oil operated vehicles. There are 10 remaining respondents which said that electyric vehicles is effective in taking the benefits of the sustainable values.

THEME 11: Choose an electric car over a crude oil operated vehicle

Interpretation: There are 18 respondents which said that they would choose the electric car as it provides the benefits to environment and an individual as well. On the basis of 12 respondents that they do not prefer to purchase the electric car because it is costly. There are 10 remaining respondents and they said that they already have electric car.

THEME 12: Functions are offered by the electric cars which are not in petrol car

Interpretation: As per the viewpoint of 15 respondents that auto pilot is main function offered by the electric cars which are not in petrol car. On the basis of 10 respondents that futuristic dashboard is also the attractive feature or function of the electric car. There are 10 respondents and as per their opinion that inverter is function of electric car as it converts electric currents in for of the Direct Current into the Alternating Current. There are 5 remaining respondents which said that Drivetrain is also an electric car function as it has single speed transmission that sends the power from motor to wheels.

THEME 13: Electric car really offer cost benefits in comparison to electric vehicle safer

Interpretation: On the basis of 30 respondents that electric car really offers cost benefits in comparison to electric vehicle safer than the petrol or diesel operated vehicles due to stereotypes associated with high maintenance cost of electric vehicles. There are 10 remaining respondents which are not agree with the given statement.

THEME 14: Issues faced by an individual of owning electric car

Interpretation: On the basis of 10 respondents that electric car has shorter range as comparison to the gas-powered cars. There are 10 respondents and they said recharging the electric cars battering takes more time. According to 12 participants that it is complex for people to search charging station. There are 8 remaining respondents and they said that it is expensive to purchase the electric cars.

DISCUSSION

The discussion is related to findings about the secondary method of data collection. There have been different sources consists books, articles, internet sources and journals.

Electric cars

On the basis of literature review, it has been examined that electric car is car that propelled through electric cars by using energy stored in the rechargeable batteries. Electric car is cheaper to run as cost of electricity needed to charge EV is almost 40% and it is less than cost to use the petrol for same size vehicle driving in similar distance. It has been stated that electric car is better for health as it minimizes the harmful exhaust emission is better for health. Good air quality would result in less safety problems and lower costs associated with air pollution. Electric vehicles are cleaner than diesel and gasoline vehicles, resulting in less noise emissions.

Benefits of electric cars to environment

It has been analysed from literature review that electric vehicle can minimize emission that mainly contribute to the climate change, improving the public health and minimizing the ecological change. Charging the electric car on renewable energy for an instance wind or energy reduce emission more. In regards to this, through choosing to drive electric vehicle, it is helpful in minimize the air pollution from the exhaust emission. Plug in hybrid electric vehicles have diesel and petrol engine that requires servicing so that PHES will be cost more to maintain than BEV. Electric vehicle has zero emission but still develops the greenhouse degree.

Impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London.

On the basis of analysis of literature review that electric cars develops negative impact on sales of the petrol or diesel vehicles in London. The electric cars will minimize the CO2 emission four fold throughout 2030 and relying the more renewables. With the cars emitting proportion regarding global greenhouse gases, electronic cars are enhancing seen as solution. as the electric cars are cheaper because their cost is similar to comparable diesel and petrol cars, running cost is cheaper over full lifetime of vehicle. Electric cars are mainly designed to be effective as there are different components which powering vehicle such as motor, on- board charger and inverter. They have the zero tailpipe emission making them greener, better and cleaner for environment than the diesel and petrol cars. It has been studied that petroleum makes vulnerable to spike the cost and also supply disruptions. The electric cars minimize threat because the electricity is produced from the domestic sources for an instance nuclear, renewable sources and coal.

Changes arising from manufacturing electric cars in London

From the literature review, it has been analysed that there are negative and positive changes arising from manufacturing the electric cars in London. The positive changes studied are Better for environment, Safe to drive, Cost effective and Charging time. Other than this, it is cheaper to maintain the electric cars as they have the few moving parts as comparison to the conventional diesel cars. It is also better for health as it minimized the harmful exhaust emission better news for health. As a result of the improved air quality, there will be less health risks and costs associated with air pollution. On the other hand, there has been studied about the negative changes such as difficult to search charging station, Service for electric vehicles and Infrastructure for the electric cars. It has been studied that minimize the harmful emission\s is better news for health. A higher level of air quality would result in less health problems and costs associated with air emissions.

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CONCLUSION

From the above mention information, it has been concluded that electric car is less harmful for environment as comparison to the petrol and diesel cars. The electric car minimizes the emission and save money. Fueling the electricity provides benefits not available in the internal combustion engine cars. Electric cars are more responsive and better torque. The electric cars emit the minimum air pollutants and greenhouse gases over life than diesel and petrol car. The aim and objectives have been developed on the basis of research title. There have been secondary sources of data collected used for doing the literature review part. In the literature review part studied about the concept of electric cars and their benefit to environment. The electric cars are more effective in reduce pollution and cheaper than the petrol cars. There has been studied about the impact of electric cars on sales of diesel or petrol vehicles in London. The negative and positive changes have been studied about arising from manufacturing electric cars in London. The positive changes are related to Better for environment, Safe to drive, Cost effective and Charging time. There has been studied about the negative changes arisen from the electric cars such as difficult to search charging station, Service for electric vehicles and Infrastructure for the electric cars. Research onion has been considered by using its different layers for an instance research philosophy, research approaches, research strategy, research choice, data collection methods, data analysis and sampling. There has been interpretivism research philosophy chosen because it is based on the qualitative method of data collection and provides the detailed information. Other than this, inductive research approach has been used because it gives the authentic information and opinions of different authors. The survey research technique was chosen because it allows for the collection of data from a wide number of people. As it offers unique and fresh knowledge on a single subject field, the main method of data collection has been used. There has been questionnaire developed by mentioning questions about impact of electric cars on sales of petrol and diesel cars. The findings of questionnaire stated about the benefits electric cars to environment within London for an instance renewable energy, Eco- friendly materials, minimise car emissions to help environment and Cost- effective. There has been stated about the additional functions are offered by the electric cars which are not in petrol car auto piolet, futuristic dashboard, Inverter and Drivetrain. There has been discussion conducted on the basis of literature review. Need online assignment help in the UK? Our experts provide the best writing service at an affordable budget.

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