Introduction
International Accounting standards have high level of importance which ensures high level transparency and standardization in the financial statements. Hence, final accounts which are prepared according to IFRS are highly reliable in nature and thereby helps stakeholders in making decisions (Florou, Kosi and Pope, 2017). However, technical knowledge is highly required among the individuals or accounting personnel to deal with the aspects of International Accounting Standards such as IAS 12 and 26 etc. In this, accounting personnel must have ability to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities. Moreover, assets, revenue received in advance, other liabilities, unrecognized items; consolidated financial statements are the main bases of taxation (Warren, 2016). By taking into consideration all such bases accounting personnel can assess or determine the tax liability. In addition to this, in IAS 12 contains rules regarding the measurement of deferred tax. Along with this, tax rate are also varied from one year to another. In this, accounting personnel is required to update with changing rules and policies. Through this, finance manager and accounting personnel would become able to determine suitable tax liability.
In addition to this, IAS 26 serves information about retirement plans which can be distinguished into two types such as defined benefit and contribution plan. Hence, it clearly presents information about the recording, measurement and disclosure of information regarding the retirement benefit plans. Hence, for effective presentation accounting personnel must have knowledge regarding the rules and regulations which are related to it (Bond, Govendir and Wells, 2016). Thus, by considering all such aspects it can be said that technical and conceptual knowledge is highly required for dealing with the standards more effectively and efficiently. Moreover, reporting and measurement aspect of pension plan is highly differing from one standard to another (McPhail, Macdonald and Ferguson, 2016). For instance: UK GAAP has different rules in relation to treatment on pension benefits in against to IAS. Hence, conceptual understanding and knowledge is highly required for dealing with the amount of retirement benefits and deferred tax amount.
There are several key issues which are associated with financial reporting enumerated below:
- Reporting needs and requirements are mentioned in the regulations which business entity requires following for ensuring transparency in the final accounts. However, sometimes is not possible for the business organization to comply with all the rules to the large extent.
- Further, some government authorities have framed and introduced legislation which entail that companies are not obliged to prepare financial statements according to accounting standards. Moreover, sometimes treasurer directives also enforce accounting standard which company has to follow for the preparation of financial statements.
QUESTION 1
A. Appropriate Journal entries for Ajax Ltd for the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014
|
Date |
Particular |
Debit |
Credit |
|
30 June 2011 |
Machinery A/c Dr |
320000 |
|
|
To cash a/c |
320000 |
||
|
30-June-2012 |
Depreciation a/c Dr |
40000 |
|
|
To machinery a/c |
40000 |
||
|
30-June-2013 |
Depreciation a/c Dr |
40000 |
|
|
To machinery a/c |
40000 |
||
|
30-June-2014 |
Depreciation a/c Dr |
40000 |
|
|
To machinery a/c |
40000 |
B. Journal entries for accumulated depreciation
|
Date |
Particular |
Debit |
Credit |
|
30 June 2014 |
Depreciation expense a/c Dr |
40000 |
|
|
To accumulated depreciation a/c |
40000 |
||
|
30-June-2015 |
Depreciation a/c Dr |
40000 |
|
|
To machinery a/c |
40000 |
Journal entries for impairment losses
|
Date |
Particular |
Debit |
Credit |
|
30 June 2014 |
Impairment loss a/c Dr |
90000 |
|
|
To accumulated depreciation a/c |
90000 |
In 2015, recoverable amount is higher than carrying figure so there is no journal entry has been made.
C. Explaining the reasons for impairment
In 2014, carrying amount is $200000, whereas recoverable amount implies for $110000. Hence, carrying amount is higher than recoverable cost which shows the loss of $90000.
Carrying cost – recoverable amount
$200000 – $110000 = $90000
D. Presenting the amount of plant and equipment in balance sheet
In balance sheet, revaluate amount of plant and equipment is recorded by business entity after doing final reversal.
References
- Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting & Finance.
- Florou, A., Kosi, U. and Pope, P.F., 2017. Are international accounting standards more credit relevant than domestic standards?.Accounting and Business Research.47(1). pp.1-29.
- McPhail, K., Macdonald, K. and Ferguson, J., 2016. Should the international accounting standards board have responsibility for human rights?.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal.29(4). pp.594-616.
- Warren, C. M., 2016. The impact of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)/International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16).Property Management.34(3).
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