Business Research Project for Students

Background of the study

Workplace discrimination occurs at time when an employee or job applicants treated unfavourably due to race, skin, gender, disability and religion. Enterprise have a obligation to offer equal job opportunities to employees of different sex, religion and ethnic groups etc. Diversity termed out as the range of cultural and ethical differences that exist within the workplace to bring better competitive advancement (Özbilgin, 2019).

Additionally, equality and diversity termed out as crucial terms as this relevant for workplace and this also enhance brand recognition. The present research is based on to evaluate the workplace discrimination that can highly impact the working of employee in huge aspects.

Aims and Objective

Aim:

“ To access the impact of workplace discrimination on employee performance”. A case study on Tesco plc.

Objectives

1. To find out causes of discrimination in the workplace.
2. To analyse the forms of discrimination in workplace and their effects on job satisfaction.
3. To identify measures that assist to eliminate workplace discrimination.
4. To determine suggestive measures that aids to reduce the effect of discrimination on employee performance.

Research Questions

• What are causes of discrimination in workplace?
• What kind of measures eliminate workplace discrimination?
• What are the forms of discrimination that affects job level satisfaction of employees?

Reasons for choosing research project

The present research is based on to identify the impact of workplace discrimination on employee performance. Henceforth, present study will aids to find out the causes of discrimination and propose solution to cope up with discrimination within enterprise. Thus, job satisfaction can directly affect business performance and human resource management plays effective role towards it (Equality & Diversity in the Workplace, 2018).

The main purpose of undertaking this research is to identify the effectiveness of plan of action that aids to minimize the workplace discrimination. Therefore, research will help to identify areas that need extensive research and lay foundation for potential research on topic.

Key literature sources

The causes of workplace discrimination are inclusive of factors as race, religion, sex, colour and disability etc. These are the components that leads to discrimination at time when used to determine applicant status, disciplinary action and promotion potential. As per the view of Dennissen, Benschop and van den Brink, (2019) stated that employment discrimination happens when job applicant is treated unfavourably due common components that are declared as illegal by law.

In contrary to Butterby, and Collins, (2019) stated that discrimination can be caused by employers and this is the responsibility of employers, managers and key authorities to monitor, manage and assist to prevent discrimination within enterprise. According to the view of stated that to cope with this the entity needs to educate and encourage all workers to respect each other differences and to deal with the discrimination confidentially and promptly.

As per the view of Özbilgin, (2019) Dennissen, Benschop and van den Brink, (2019) stated that creation of written policy is first step towards to reducing the discrimination at work. Thus, policy must outlines the range of potential acts of discriminatory and include a protocol that outlines that how discrimination can be submitted, handled and resolved. Each employees within the enterprise must respect the cultural and racial differences. It leads to accomplish organisational profitability and productivity.

Activities and timescales

Research approach and Methodologies

Research philosophy- It is termed out as approach that aids to carry out plan that reflects that how data to the research needs to be collected and investigated. Thus, research philosophy mainly classified as interpretivism and positivism. Henceforth, researcher will have the use of interpretivism philosophy as this aids to interpret the elements of study by integrating human interest.

Research approach- It is defined as one of crucial components to research. It is framework that defines that how research must be get done (Özbilgin, 2019). Also, there are two approaches as inductive and deductive approach. In this, researcher will have the use of inductive approach as this starts with observation and theories that are proposed towards the end of research.

Research type- This is defined as careful consideration of study that aids to undertake information on particular topic. Thus, research can be carried out with use of qualitative and quantitative type. Henceforth, researcher will have the use of qualitative technique with help of undertaking observation by undertaking depth interview.

Data collection- It is termed out as process that aids to gather and measure information on the targeted variables within established system. Data can be collected with use of techniques as primary and secondary. Herein, researcher will use primary study to conduct the research with use of framing the questionnaire.

Sampling- This is termed out as process that aids select the target people from population. It is statistical analysis that has predetermined number of observation. Thus, sampling classified as simple, stratified and systematic (Dennissen, Benschop and van den Brink, 2019). In this, researcher will have the use of simple random technique by use of tabular presentation. To carry out present research, researcher will select the sample size as 30 respondents as employers.

Data analysis- It aids to conduct in manner that aids to inspect, cleansing and transforming data with aim of discovering information. Therefore, researcher will have the use of thematic analysis. So, whole investigation can be carried out with use of tabular presentation.

Research title-

To identify effects of workplace discrimination on employee performance. A case study on Tesco plc.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Discrimination at the workplace is termed out as the major concern within the today's business community (Perrewé, Daniels and Maher, 2019). Henceforth, increase in culture and diversity at workplace can obliged employees from different ethnicities and background to work together to accomplish desired goals. Additionally,employment discrimination can be termed out as unfair treatment that is based on prejudices.

The present study is based on business activities of Tesco plc. This is leading entity that deals in supermarket chain at global level. It deals in product and services as clothings, electronics, furniture, toys, petrol and financial services etc.

Henceforth, report is based to cover brief overview of nature of project. Thus, key literature review will be conducted to gather the depth information on chosen topic. Also, data collection will be undertaken to interpret and collect the data in reliable manner. Lastly, reflection needs to be conducted with help of research methods that used in project.

1.1 Research proposal

Research project description

Discrimination at workplace termed out as to be prejudicial treatment within workplace that can impact process as hiring, firing, promotion, training that is mainly based on person gender, sexual orientation and race etc. In addition to this, the laws in relation to discrimination can protect both as current workers and prospective workers (Graham, McMahon and McMahon, 2019). Therefore, of employers behaves biased at workplace than it can affect the working of the enterprise in huge context.

The main aim of project is to undertake the depth analysis on discrimination to investigate the impacts of workplace discrimination on performance of workers. Thus, main purpose behind undertaking this is to facilitate the effective working condition and to enhance the brand image of enterprise.

Research aims and objectives

Aim:

“ To access the impact of workplace discrimination on employee performance”. A case study on Tesco plc.

Objectives

• To find out causes of discrimination in the workplace.
• To analyse the forms of discrimination in workplace and their effects on job satisfaction.
• To identify measures that assist to eliminate workplace discrimination.
• To determine suggestive measures that aids to reduce the effect of discrimination on employee performance.

Reason for choosing research project

The main reason behind selection of this project is to identify the causes of discrimination within the workplace and propose solutions that aids to undertake and analyse the findings. Thus, organisation facing the issue of discrimination that access the suggestion within research. This also leads to moderate the issues of discrimination within the workplace (Leslie, Rainey and McMahon 2019). Thus, greater understanding can be significant in terms to explaining the policy limitations to addressing the workplace discrimination. In addition to this, research will identify the areas that needs to undertake the extensive research and lay foundation for undertaking potential research on the topic.

Activities and timescales

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This is defined as comprehensive summary that is based on previous research on a topic. Henceforth, literature review can be defined as to undertake the survey with use of scholarly articles, other sources and books that aids to undertake the research on particular area of study. It is one of the effective term that assist to provides an overview of a particular topic.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Theme 1: Causes of discrimination in the workplace.

Employee discrimination happen within the enterprise at the employee and job applicant treated unfavourably due to race, skin, color, gender, disability, religion or age. As per the view of Brown, Drury and Naumann, (2018) stated that disability termed out as to physical or mental impairment that is substantially limits one or major life activity. Direct discrimination within the workplace may occur due to issues as employees treated less favourably than other employees at the work and this leads to become the cause of dissatisfaction. On the other hand, indirect discrimination may be occurred when varied level of rules and regulations put on staff members in the manner as disadvantage. As per the view of Triana, Jayasinghe and Li, (2019) stated that workplace prejudice can be termed out as the racism and oppression that has weak response from individuals who are concerned about their survival. Thus, high level of discrimination at the workplace impacts the working of enterprise and productivity also gets minimised. Henceforth, there are number of different causes that is inclusive of ignorance about people, cultures, ethnicities, background etc. If an enterprise does discrimination on the basis of employee performance then this highly affects the working of the enterprise.

Theme 2: Analysing the forms of discrimination in workplace and their effects on job satisfaction.

The practices that leads to discriminatory behaviour at the workplace leads to job satisfaction to all employees. It has the psychological impact and this hurts the employees that are being discriminated and leads to result in depression and anxiety. As per the view of Fekedulegn, Alterman and MacDonald, (2019) stated that discrimination can negatively affects the productivity by affecting the performance of job of employees. Therefore, conflicts and friction are certain as this results in relation to reduce the productivity by affecting performance. As per the view of Triana, Jayasinghe and Li, (2019) stated that discrimination can give rise to awkward situation. Thus, the major impact of discrimination is that it highly affects the job satisfaction of employees and impacts the working of enterprise in huge manner. In addition to this, discrimination also affect the customer if the entity offers the inferior service to the certain group of individuals that mainly based on particular demographic criteria such as race. It results as anxiety, depression and feeling of emptiness. Due to it, profitability and productivity of the enterprise highly get affected. Effects are not limited to physical but also mental impacts on employees and this is inclusive of depression, developing anxiety orders and loss of self control. This all leads to employee to become ineffective and this has huge impact on the growth of enterprise. As per the view of Brown, Drury and Naumann, (2018) stated that Discrimination can be termed out as the complex phenomenon that has adverse consequence at the personal and organisation levels.

Theme 3: To undertake identification on measures that assist to eliminate workplace discrimination.

To enhance workplace participation the the activities needs to be undertaken as promotion, bonuses and benefits that must be awarded and it is based upon candidate qualification and performance on the job. As per the view of Brown, Drury and Naumann, (2018) stated that employees who are feeling discriminated can take the relief with help of discussion with supervisor. In some of the cases the discrimination can be handed internally and this also allows top gain satisfaction to all the parties who are involved in it. By working directly with supervisor can assist to alleviate the cost and publicity of filing a lawsuit. In contrary to stated that the entity needs to conduct regular training to anti-discrimination at each level of enterprise to both new and current employees. Henceforth, workplace discrimination can destroy morale of employees, leads to create conflict situation and high employee turnover. Employers and other authorities to the entity needs to create the anti-discrimination polices so that organisation starts to conduct the fair practices at workplace. Thus, firm needs to create the policies that assist to provide safe, healthy work environment and that is free from discrimination. According to the view of Fekedulegn, Alterman and MacDonald, (2019) stated that each employees must be informed about the workplace discrimination. Employees needs to hear the concern of employees about the possible consequences at the workplace (Preventing discrimination in the workplace, 2018). With help of offering the additional training can assist to effectively handle the workplace issues. Thus, HR managers of the enterprise needs to build the effective plan of action to mitigate the issues of discrimination so that better advancement at the workplace can be created. This helps to fostered the growth of enterprise in proficient manner.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research approach

This is defined as plan and procedure that inclusive of steps of depth assumption to the detailed method of data collection, interpretation and analysis. It is mainly based on the nature of research that relates with problem to research can resolved (Fekedulegn, Alterman and MacDonald, 2019). Approaches to research are classified into the categories as are inductive and deductive. In addition to this, inductive approach starts with the observation and theories that are being proposed. It is the end of process to research as result of observance. Also, deductive approach can be defined as to concerned with hypothesis and this is based on existing theory to the research. It is method that aids to undertake the reasoning from particular to general. In this, researcher has used the inductive techniques as this aids to undertake the reasoning that moves from specific to generalised conclusion. This is the method that aids to used as application that is inclusive of prediction, forecasting or behaviour.

3.2 Methodologies-

Sampling

It is techniques that is process selecting certain members or subset population to statistical references. Thus, purpose of the sampling is to provide varied statistical information in aspect of qualitative and quantitative nature by examining the selected units. Henceforth, sapling classified into the categories as random sampling, systematic, stratified and cluster etc. In order to determine the impact of workplace discrimination on performance of employees the researcher has chosen entirely by chance and each member population that has an equal chance of being selected. There are two approaches of sampling as probabilistic and non-probabilistic. Herein, researcher has used probabilistic approach to conduct the study carefully. To carry out present research, researcher will select the sample size as 30 respondents as employers.

Data analysis

This is termed out as process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling the data with help of object to discover the useful information that supports to undertake decision making. Henceforth, data from varied sources needs to be gathered, reviewed and analysed to undertake the sort of finding and conclusion. This can be referred as an process that evaluates the data with use of analytical and logical reasoning that assist to examine each components of study. Henceforth, the data can be analysed with use of two methods as quantitative as well qualitative. Qualitative analysis aids to undertake the investigation with use of tabular and presentation. Also, quantitative research analysis assist to undertake the investigation by use of techniques as SPSS and use of practical application so that effective and reliable data can be gathered. In this, researcher has used qualitative technique so that research can be analysed with use of tabular presentation.

Cost

This defined as process that aids to estimating, allocating and controlling the cost within the project. In this, researcher has to estimates, allocates and controlling the cost to undertake the research activities systematically. Additionally, research needs to calculated the cost of whole phases to research so this can estimation can be undertaken effectively and efficiently.

Ethical consideration

This can be termed out as one of crucial activity. Therefore, researcher needs to focus over ethical consideration in respect as to maintain the dignity of research participants so that research can be undertaken effectively. Also, full consent must be taken from the participants prior to undertake research study. Henceforth, researcher needs to maintain the privacy of information before disclosing any information to the research.

CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Data collection

The term data collection can be termed out as to gather and measure information on the basis of targeted variables in terms to understand research in established system. It is process that enables as to undertake the answer in manner as research question, test hypothesis and to evaluate the outcomes. Thus, data collection is classified into the categories as primary and secondary method to collect the data. In this, primary information can be gathered with use of first hand sources with use of methods such as surveys, interviews and experiments etc. On the other hand, secondary method termed out as the second hand information that can be gather with use of books, journal articles, resources etc. In order to undertake the present research, researcher has used both techniques primary as well secondary information.

4.2 Data analysis

Interpretation

Based on the above statistical analysis, this can be summarized that diversified environment within the enterprise helps to enhance opportunities of profitability earning at workplace. Therefore, the total number of respondents are 30. In this, 25 stated yes, 3 said no and 2 are not sure of it.

Theme 2: Mitigating workplace discrimination assist to enhance creativity of entire team.

Interpretation- As per the above stated data this can be analysed that mitigating workplace discrimination assist to increase the level of creative to entire team. Thus, the total number of participants are 30. In this, 27 stated yes, 2 stated no and 1 is not sure about it.

Theme 3: Yes, productivity level of an enterprise can be improved with reduction in workplace discrimination.

Interpretation- According to above data analysis, this can be stated that productivity level of the enterprise can be improved with help of reduction within the workplace discrimination. Therefore, the total number of respondents are as 30. Under this, 28 stated yes, 1 stated no and 1 is not sure of it. So, this can be concluded that productivity level of the entity can be affected positively, if enterprise minimise workplace discrimination.

Theme 4: Reduction within workplace discrimination fosters the process of innovation and invention.

Interpretation- As per the above stated analysis stated that reduction of discrimination within workplace aids to raise the process of innovation and invention. Thus, total number of the participants are 30. In this, 23 stated no, 3 said no and 4 are nit sure of it. Also, minimising workplace discrimination helps to enhance the innovation and invention to enterprise. Order assignment help from our experts! 

Theme 5: Ignorance about the practices as culture, ethnicity and background are the main caused to the workplace discrimination.

Interpretation- As per the above stated data this can be stated that ignorance in terms to practices as culture, ethnicity and background are the major causes to workplace discrimination. Thus, total number of participants are 30. In this, 8 stated that cause to discrimination results in feeling of helplessness, 7 stated that cause to discrimination results in fear of unknown, 8 participants stated that cause as ignorance in terms to culture, ethnicity and background results in workplace discrimination. Henceforth, 7 stated that lack of employment facilities results in workplace discrimination at the huge context.

Theme 6: Mitigating employment discrimination assist to create the positive working environment.

Interpretation- Based on the above stated data this can be analysed that with help of mitigating workplace discrimination helps to create the positive working environment. Therefore, the total number of participants are 30. In this, 22 stated yes, 4 stated no and 4 are not sure of it. By help of mitigating the workplace discrimination assist to create the positive working environment.

Theme 7: Yes, enhancement in workplace productivity is one of the greater advancement to workplace discrimination.

Interpretation- Based on the above stated data this can be summarized that enhancement in the workplace productivity can be termed out as one of the greater advancement to workplace discrimination. Thus, total number of respondents are 30. Out of this, 8 stated that workplace discrimination leads to have enhancement in workplace productivity, 7 said that it leads to increase organisation profitability, 8 stated that workplace discrimination results in effective workplace culture. Also, effective workplace discrimination leads to have enhancement within the process of innovation and invention.

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

Hereby, it can be summarized that equality and diversity can be termed out as the procedures that aids to promote equality of opportunities to all with help of diversity that giving to each individual the chance to accomplish the potential that is free from prejudice and discrimination. The present study is based on topic as to access the impact of workplace discrimination on employee performance within the enterprise. Henceforth, report has covered the business activities of Tesco. It is global leading entity that offering the services of retail sector.

Furthermore, report has covered the activities as outline the aims and objectives on the basis of chosen topic. Thus, study has conducted the brief overview of nature of project by identifying specific goals to research. Thus, key literature review has been conducted to gather the depth information relates with equality and diversity within the enterprise. Also, data collection has been undertaken that aids to interpret and collect the data in reliable manner. Lastly, reflection has been conducted to conducted to determine the significance of chosen techniques to research.

5.2 Recommendation

On the basis of above report, the suggestive measures has been outlined in following context as are-:

• The senior authorities of the enterprise must develop the policies within the workplace in which employer make that each of them understands the policy effective and operates effectively in practice.
• Tesco should taken the initiatives that assist to build strong and unambiguous equal opportunity as this is powerful tool in terms to undertake the prevention and sexual harassment within the workplace.
• Employees must providing the training to employees to maintain the level of diversity and promote better cultural practices. This can aids to facilitate the better working environment that support to increase profitability and productivity.
• The government agencies of the specific country must formulate the legislation that aids to control the discrimination on the basis of age, gender, racial discrimination etc.
• Managers and employers of the enterprise needs to deal with complaints of discrimination promptly and confidentiality so that performance can be carried out appropriately and effectively.

CHAPTER 6 PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT

6.1 Reflect on research methods used in project

The present research is based on the topic as to undertake the identification to define the effects of workplace discrimination on employee performance. To analyse the research effectively, researcher has used research methodologies in appropriate manner. In this, researcher has used philosophy as interpretivism that aids to interprets the varied elements to study and also integrates the human interest to study. Also, researcher has used research approaches inductive techniques, it is method that start with undertaking the observation and theories that relates with end of research process as result of undertaking the depth observation. Therefore, the researcher has used descriptive research strategy so that information related to research topic can be gathered in detailed aspect. Also, researcher has used data collection method as primary and secondary both to collect the entire research in reliable manner. In this, primary research has assisted to disclose the first hand information relate to topic. Also, secondary technique has been used to conducted the research with use of previous articles of scholar etc. In addition to this, researcher has used qualitative data analysis with use of tabular presentation so that collected information can be interpreted properly and this can results to enhance the validity to research. Therefore, researcher has used sampling as simple random technique by selecting the sample size of 30 respondents as employees. To undertake it, researcher has used probabilistic technique so that research can be conducted properly.

Therefore, I have analysed that this research has helped me to take the further findings on workplace diversity. This has helped me to enhance my learning towards the equality and diversity. I have gone thorough research method that has helped me to know about their use and also aids me evaluate the best suitable technique to evaluate the research.

6.2 Alternative research methods

In order to access the impact of workplace discrimination on performance of enterprise the researcher has selected the effective choice of methods to research. To make this more effective, researcher could have the use of positivism research philosophy as this aids to conduct the information that is mainly based sensory experience. It can be interpreted with help of reason and logic. However, researcher could have the use of deductive approach instead of inductive. Thus, inductive start with the observation in which the theories are relate towards the end of research in effective and efficient manner. In addition to this, researcher could have the use quantitative technique so that practical implication to the research can be conducted with use of techniques as SPSS etc. This could help to collect the research in reliable and effective manner.

6.3 Areas for further consideration

The topic of present research was based on to access the impact of workplace discrimination on performance of enterprise. It was related with consideration of workplace in terms to prevent the discrimination so that entity profitability and productivity can get enhanced. Also, researcher will have depth information and this can aid conduct the further research in more effective and advanced manner. This study could help to collect and interpret data in more depth and logical manner. It also aids to researcher to gather the knowledge in respect of topic as to workplace discrimination. Henceforth, there is also needs to conduct the extensive research to come up with framework that assist in improving the working environment in enterprise.

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