Vancouver Style Referencing Guide with Examples

What Is Vancouver Style Referencing?

The Vancouver style was previously known as the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations). It originated in Vancouver, as the name suggests, by editors of medical journals and, at present, more than 1000 medical journals use it for reference purposes. For Example, the National Library of Medicine, The American Medical Association, NEJM, etc.

How to Refer in Vancouver Style: In-text & Bibliography

Actually, there are many variations of the Vancouver style. We will go over the basic style. A number is assigned to each of the citations as they are used. The original number that was assigned to a citation will be used each time that particular citation is used in the text.

Citations can also be listed in numerical order in the bibliography at the end of your document. The number used for referencing can be placed either outside or inside the text punctuation.

In-text References

Position of Citations: Numbers in in-text references are placed after the completion of the whole reference. However, the original guidelines of Vancouver-style referencing do not discuss the positioning of in-text citations in regards to punctuation, so it is acceptable to use them after a full stop or even before it.

Use of Numbers: Vancouver references are numbered in chronological order, and if the same reference is used again, just re-use the original number. And in the case of tables, provide a brief title for every table and give each column a heading. And make sure to place an explanatory matter in the note and not in the heading (if required).

Personalized Communication: It should not be used as a reference unless it offers vital information all around. These communication types can be found in telephone conversations, emails, interviews, etc.

References in Bibliography

Position: All the references will be mentioned on the last page of your document.

Use of Numbers: The citations used will have to be number-wise and not alphabetically. And remember to list each citation only once.

Detail of References: In the bibliography, there are various things that are to be included in this referencing style. Starting with the author's name, followed by the first letter of their first name, and no periods. If in any case, the number of authors exceeds six, mention the first six followed by "et al.". Then for the title, always remember to capitalize the first letter of every word. And mention the name of the publication or journal if it is stated in the original source.

Insightful Example of Vancouver Referencing Style

Until now, you have got the theoretical knowledge of this style. Now, let's see it in action through various Vancouver referencing style examples.

Citing in Books:

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example: The second point is that, despite the fact that supply chains have existed for a long time, most businesses have mainly focused on what happens within their "four walls." Few firms comprehended, much less controlled, the complete chain of events that led to the final delivery of items to the client. As a result, supply networks become fractured and frequently unproductive.

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: Author Surname Author Initial. Title. City: Publisher; Year Published.
• Example: Meghan J, Josh C, Clint T. Global logistics and supply chain economics. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley; 2011.

Citing in Journals:

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example: Given that such activity frequently crosses borders between the city, business, and civil society, and needs efficient inter-agency coordination, the Scholar of urban development activities provides unique issues. (Harry et al., 2005) (13)

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: 1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title. Publication Title [Internet]. Year Published [cited Date Accessed]; Volume number(Issue number): Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL
• Example: 1. Stuart S, Nevada L. Rural governance and economic development in the diverse city. European Urban and City Studies [Internet]. 2012 [cited 1 November 2017];19(3):238-253. from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776411430.

Citing Images or Videos

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example: Scene 2 human cortex

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: 1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title [Internet]. Year Published [cited Date Accessed]. Available from: http://Website URL
• Example: 1. Rachet T. Our day Under The Sea [Internet]. 2014 [cited 9 August 2014]. from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/4771036933/in/photostream/

Citing Website

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example: Simple source that revealed what exactly changed in technology and what the moon landing paved the way for (7)

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: 1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title [Internet]. Year Published [cited Date Accessed]. Available from: http://Website URL
• Example: 1. Gaudin S. How Chinese medicine changed medical history [Internet]. laptop world UK. 2002 [cited 15 March 2014]. Available from: http://www.computerworlduk.com/in-depth/it-business/2387/how-moon-landing-changed-technology-history/

Citing in a Blog

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example: Section 38 of the Arms Act criminalizes the making, import, distribution, and exhibition of any arms that make reference to political persons or matters in Dubai. (6)

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: 1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title [Internet]. Publication Title. Year Published [cited Date Accessed]. Available from: http://Website URL
• Example: 1. See M. The 3 tiers of censorship in Malaysia [Internet]. Malaysia Rebel: Speak truth unto power. 2014 [cited 2 July 2011]. from: http://singaporerebel.blogspot.sg/2009/11/3-tiers-of-censorship-in-singapore.html

Citing in Dictionary

In-text

Place this just after the citation to the source used in your document.

Example:

• Worthy of acceptance or belief as conforming to or based on the fact
• Conforming to an original so as to reproduce essential features
• Made or done the same way as an original 

Reference List

Place this part in your bibliography at the end of your document.

• Format: 1. Author Surname Author Initial. Title [Internet]. Publication Title. City: Publisher; Year Published [cited Date Accessed]. p. Pages Used. Available from: http://Website URL
• Example: 1. Miriam Webster [Internet]. 1st ed. Miriam Webster. 2017 [cited 15 July 2014]. from: http://www.miriam-webster.com/dictionary/authentic

These are the insightful examples that will cover everything mentioned in this blog and help you grasp every minute detail of Vancouver Referencing Style.

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